PCOS — Obstetrics & Gynecology

PCOS: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a health problem that affects 1 in 10 women who are less than 50 years old. Women with PCOS have an imbalance in their hormones and metabolism that may affect their health and appearance. PCOS is also a common and treatable cause of infertility.

Like all syndromes, PCOS is a collection of problems that are found together. Not all women with PCOS have all the same symptoms. To be diagnosed with PCOS, a woman must have 2 of 3 possible issues: chronic lack of ovulation (anovulation), chronic high testosterone (hormone) levels (hyperandrogenism), and ovaries that have multiple small cysts containing eggs (polycystic).

What causes PCOS?

Although the cause of PCOS is not known, PCOS may be related to many different factors that combine together. These factors include insulin resistance, increased levels of hormones called androgens, and an irregular menstrual cycle.

How is PCOS Treated?

The most common form of treatment for PCOS is the birth control pill; however, other kinds of hormonal therapy may include the “vaginal ring” and “the patch”. Even if you’re not sexually active, birth control pills may be prescribed because they contain the hormones that your body needs to treat your PCOS. Birth control pills (either taken continuously or in cycles) can:

· Correct the hormone imbalance

· Lower the level of testosterone (which will improve acne and lessen hair growth)

· Regulate your menstrual periods

· Lower the risk of endometrial cancer (which is slightly higher in young women who don’t ovulate regularly)

· Prevent an unplanned pregnancy if you are sexually active